The vegan package provides tools for descriptive community ecology, including ordination methods, diversity analysis, and dissimilarity indices. Most multivariate tools can also be applied to non-ecological data types.

What’s covered#

  • Unconstrained ordination – metaMDS, plot, ordihull, ordiellipse, ordispider
  • Constrained ordination – cca, rda, capscale
  • Analysis of constraints – anova.cca permutation test
  • Diversity analysis – diversity (Shannon, Simpson, Fisher), renyi, rarefy
  • Taxonomic diversity – taxondive, taxa2dist
  • Ranked abundance distribution – radfit, rad.null
  • Beta diversity – betadiver
  • Analysis of diversity in groups – anosim
  • Dissimilarity analysis – vegdist with multiple index options
  • Other features – vegemite, tabasco, beals